To ensure fire prevention and fighting (FPF), people as well as the investor (PO) of the project need to design and install a fire protection system in accordance with the building’s characteristics to overcome the fires different. Understanding and building an effective fire protection system is extremely important.
In fact, the FPF work often uses a combination of many methods together, one method will play a key role and the other methods will play a supporting role.
Once you have grasped the principles of fire formation and firefighting, it will be easier to understand how a fire protection system works. A fire protection system has two components: a fire alarm system and a fire extinguishing system.
1. Fire alarm system
The automatic fire alarm system is a system consisting of many devices with the task of automatically detecting and announcing the fire location when there is a fire and explosion phenomenon, and it operates continuously 24/24 hours.
In particular, with the automatic fire alarm system using smoke detectors, it also has the important task of “warning”, ie detecting and announcing the imminent fire, the smoldering fire when there is no fire.
Benefits of using automatic fire alarm systems:
– Warning of imminent dangers thanks to the system of smoke detectors, heat detectors, …
– Easy to handle when the problem occurs thanks to the fire extinguishing equipment appropriately designed and very easy to use.
– Avoid the dangers and limit the consequences caused by the fire.
– Bring a sense of safety and mental comfort to the user.
The automatic fire alarm system includes the following basic components:
– The unit (module) analyzes and processes fire alarm signals.
– Processing center for signals transmitted from the fire detector and fire alarm signal manually
– Fire alarm equipment includes: bell, horn, fire alarm (Flash – blinking)
– Wiring system: including signal line and power supply cord.
– Power supply.
– Peripheral control equipment such as signaling copying cabinets, monitoring computer rooms, signal connection cabinets to control fire extinguishing systems, elevator systems, ventilation on and off systems, emergency exits level (escape).
2. Fire fighting system
A fire extinguishing system is a set of equipment used to extinguish or prevent the spread of fire in a building. Fire extinguishing systems may use dry chemicals and / or wet agents to prevent fires.
The Role Of Fire Extinguishing System
With smoke and fire sensitive devices as input, the fire extinguishing system has the ability to quickly detect the fire; Then carry out the fire fighting methods that were installed. Therefore, it has the ability to quickly prevent and extinguish fires in the building to help protect people and property in the most effective way.
Types of Fire Extinguishing Systems
Fire extinguishing systems are divided into three categories: using water, using foam and using gas.
* Use water
The most familiar water fire fighting system is the sprinkler system – an automatic fire extinguishing system with a closed nozzle always in permanent mode.
With a conventional sprinkler system, the sprinklers are attached to the piping system containing water and water will be sprayed immediately when each individual sprinkler is opened due to the heat from the fire. As for the pink water sprinkler system, all installed sprinklers will spray water at the same time when the fire alarm system located near the sprinklers is activated.
The sprinkler system has the advantage of being fast and inexpensive to install, but usually only a temporary fire extinguishing method, not suitable for extinguishing large fires. In addition, this system is limited to damage to valuable equipment and property.
* Use foam
Water fire extinguishing systems are not effective in gasoline or oil fires. At that time, one had to use a foam fire suppression system. Foam is made up of water, condensed foam and air. Depending on the type of foam used, the foam system can extinguish in many ways, or cover the combustion material with a thick layer of foam, extinguish the flame and isolate the fuel from air, or cool the fuel. equal to the amount of water contained in the foam.
In Vietnam, there are many distributors of fire fighting foam with price from cheap to expensive. However, there is a point to note that each foam has different composition, and different speed of recovery. When a fire occurs, the fire fighting speed is of top priority to minimize the damage to people and property. Therefore, residents and investors of buildings should not be too economical, but use cheap foam with low working efficiency, because if fire and explosion happen, the damage left will be much greater. the initial investment spent.
* Use gas
Compared to fire extinguishing systems using water and foam, air systems are superior because they can be used in areas where machinery and electronic equipment are present.
The two most common gas extinguishing methods today are with CO2 and inert gas. Using CO2 cylinders for fire fighting has the advantage of being cheap, but due to its properties, it causes respiratory failure and can lead to death, so it is impossible to use it when in a room with people. Moreover, if you do not know how to use it, users are very susceptible to cold burns when using this bottle. As for the inert gas method, since the inert gas does not affect the respiration, it can be used in the presence of humans. The inert gas mixture commonly used for fire fighting is a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon.
In short, a fire protection system needs a fire alarm system and a fire extinguishing system. Each of these systems is suitable for the different properties of the fire, as well as the characteristics of the project. The people as well as the project investor should attach importance to the FPF work, as well as consult experts to integrate the most suitable system for their project.
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